Castor Oil: Good for Consumers, Toxic for Animals, Bad for Liberty?

Are castor beans the next hemp? The next national security risk? Will southern whites be blamed for domestic terror in the northeast? Are freedom fighters, militia men, political activists, independent voters, Ron Paul fans, and gold bugs be arrested all over the country in order to crackdown on dissidents who question conspiracy theories propagated by the mass media and endorsed by the Federal government.  Sounds like a plot for a civil war movie.  Maybe these are the people that will be sent to the FEMA camps all over the country; turned into corporate slaves.  Valuables and livelihoods destroyed.  Property taken.  In the name of national security.  Next thing you know Larry the Cable Guy will be playing the role of a fugitive.  Maybe its a new story on the Onion.

And yet there's hope? The gun legislation didn't pass.

Late Wednesday afternoon, the FBI arrested a Mississippi man accused of sending ricin-laced letters to Barack Obama and Republican Senator Roger Wicker of Mississippi, and possibly other government officials. The arrest was a relief to anxious members of Congress and staffers, surely mindful of the five deaths and 17 illnesses that followed the anthrax letters sent to Capitol Hill and several media outlets in September 2001.

But the arrest, which the FBI says is not connected to the Boston Marathon bombings, also spotlights the strange past of a bioweapon that has attracted numerous bumbling would-be domestic terrorists, a rogues’ gallery of antigovernment cranks who in some cases managed to scare people, but mostly just wound up in federal prison.

Among their ranks may now be Paul Kevin Curtis of Corinth, Miss., whom a local newspaper describes as a celebrity impersonator of everyone from Johnny Cash to Prince to Bobby Chesney. He appears to be the same Curtis who claimed, in a comment under this article on an Elvis website, to have gone “undercover” to expose corruption in Elvis impersonation contests. The comment suggests that its author may not be the sharpest knife in the drawer: “Consumer-reports mag published article last year stating Mississippi as the most corrupt state in all 52 states in the U.S. so go figure!” How Curtis might have acquired ricin, and whether his letters contained more than harmless trace elements, isn’t known.

Read more: http://swampland.time.com/2013/04/17/yemenis-militias-and-angry-truck-drivers-the-strange-story-of-ricin-as-a-terror-tool/#ixzz2Qn0BBT4B

To be clear, ricin is no laughing matter. The toxic compound, which can be extracted from widely available castor beans with relative ease, is lethal in tiny quantities. In a John le Carré–style plotline, a pellet of ricin deployed with a jab from a pointed umbrella tip killed the Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov in 1978. If ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin, ricin can cause vomiting, bloody urine and seizures, then massive organ failure. It has no antidote.

Hence its appeal to some nasty characters. Saddam Hussein tried to weaponize it in large quantities. Al-Qaeda’s Yemen affiliate has worked to produce ricin, and the organization’s online English-language Inspire magazine touted the substance to aspiring lone-wolf terrorists in America who “possess basic scientific knowledge.”

There have actually been several domestic ricin plots in recent years, none involving jihadists and most the work of antigovernment radicals. Not that any have come close to executing a successful attack: in late 2011, for example, federal agents arrrested four Georgia men with militia ties whose plans included bombmaking and killing government officials with ricin. “This is worse than anthrax,” one of them reportedly boasted. “There ain’t no cure for it either.” The men, all in their 60s and 70s, were busted before they even began brewing the substance, which experts said they likely would have been unable to use on the mass scale of their imagination anyway.

This compilation of ricin-related cases reveals numerous other motley characters caught seeking or trying to use ricin: Denys Ray Hughes, a Phoenix survivalist nabbed trying to manufacture ricin in 2006; James Kenneth Gluck of Tampa, Florida, who planned to kill federal judges in 1999 and was found with ricin ingredients, recipes and lab equipment; Debora Green, an oncologist who tried to kill her husband by surreptitiously feeding him mail-ordered castor beans; and four members of the radical anti-tax Minnesota Patriots Council, nabbed after they ordered a ricin kit by mail from an ad in a militia magazine.

And let’s not forget the peculiar case of Roger Von Bergendorff, an unemployed computer graphic artist found comatose in a Las Vegas hotel room in 2008. Von Bergendorff had apparently inhaled ricin he’d produced himself. Prosecutors later said a vial in his possession held enough ricin to kill hundreds of people, though it was never clear why Von Bergendorff had the stuff. (After awaking from his coma he was sentenced to three years in prison.)

One person who has delivered ricin and gotten away with it is someone who goes by the name Fallen Angel. In late 2003 authorities discovered two ricin laced letters sent by someone using that name, one addressed to the Transportation Department and one to the Bush White House. The letters had a peculiar axe to grind, complaining about pending new regulations on the trucking industry requiring more rest hours for long-haul truckers . “If you change the hours of service on January 4, 2004, I will turn D.C into a ghost town,” warned the author, who described himself as the owner of a tanker truck fleet company. Fortunately, his ricin was of a relatively non-lethal grade and no one was sickened. But the FBI still posted a reward of up to $100,000 for him, though he was never caught.

For a moment this week it appeared that Fallen Angel might have returned. The ricin letters to Obama and to Wicker were both postmarked in Tennessee, as was Fallen Angel’s letter to the Bush White House. It happens that long-haul regulations are scheduled to tighten this summer. And, bizarrely enough, a Pennsylvania man was arrested outside the White House last week after threatening to detonate a truck bomb there over his anger about–you guessed it–trucking regulations.

It doesn’t appear that Paul Kevin Curtis is Fallen Angel. There’s no indication that his letters, both reported to contain the phrase “to see a wrong and not expose it is to become a silent partner to its continuance,” made reference to trucking. Both were signed with his initials. Or, more accurately: “I am KC and I approve this message.”

Say this for Fallen Angel: He was smart enough not to reveal his initials. And in the hapless world of America’s would-be ricin killers, that may pass for genius.

Read more: http://swampland.time.com/2013/04/17/yemenis-militias-and-angry-truck-drivers-the-strange-story-of-ricin-as-a-terror-tool/#ixzz2QmzUEL5R

Castor Oil

Other common name(s): castor, castor bean, palma christi, Mexico seed, oil plant, mole bean

Scientific/medical name(s): Ricinus communis

Description

Castor oil is extracted from the seeds of Ricinus communis, an herb native to Africa and India. For most uses described here, castor oil is applied to the skin rather than swallowed, but it can be taken by mouth.

Overview

Available scientific evidence does not support claims that applying castor oil to the skin (called topical use) is effective in preventing or treating cancer. Taken by mouth, castor oil works as a laxative. And, castor oil is used in mainstream medicine as a way to deliver chemotherapy drugs to cancerous tumors.

How is it promoted for use?

Castor oil, taken by mouth, has been used as a laxative for many years. It may also be used to treat some eye irritations and skin conditions and is used in mainstream medicine to deliver chemotherapy drugs to cancerous tumors.

Naturopathic practitioners (see our document, Naturopathy) and some others claim that castor oil boosts the immune system by increasing white blood cells, which help the body fight infection, and other immune cells. Some also claim that castor oil can help "dissolve" cysts, warts, and tumors, as well as soften bunions and corns. Other claims for castor oil include treating lymphoma, bacterial and viral diseases (including HIV), arthritis, skin and hair conditions, eye irritations, diseases of the colon and gallbladder, bursitis, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson disease. It is also promoted as a way to "detox" the body and stimulate digestion.

What does it involve?

Treatment involves massaging castor oil into the body or using a warm or hot castor oil pack or compress. The castor oil is massaged along the problem region, spine, abdomen, and sites (or pathways) of lymphatic drainage. If using a compress, the warm castor oil pack is placed over the affected joint or organ and left in place for up to an hour. Promoters say castor oil should be applied until the problem is healed.

Some treatments may include taking small amounts of castor oil by mouth.

What is the history behind it?

Ancient Egyptians were the first to record the use of castor oil for medicinal purposes, and since then it has been used by many cultures as a folk medicine. Castor oil was reportedly used as a medicine during the early Middle Ages in Europe. Edgar Cayce, a medium who entered a trance state to offer patients his thoughts about their diagnosis (and past lives) claimed that castor oil helped to heal the lymphatic tissue in the small intestines, thus increasing absorption of fatty acids and allowing for tissue growth and repair. Most of the plants used in producing castor oil are now grown in India and Brazil.

http://www.library.illinois.edu/vex/toxic/castor/castor.htm

Castor bean is a herbacious annual which can reach to nearly 15 feet tall when growing in open spaces in warm climates. Large leaves are alternate, palmately lobed with 5-11 toothed lobes. Leaves are glossy and often red or bronze tinted when young. Flowers appear in clusters at the end of the main stem in late summer. The fruit consists of an oblong spiny pod which contains three seeds on average. Seeds are oval and light brown, mottled or streaked with light and dark brown and resemble a pinto bean. The plant itself is fast growing, but the seeds require a long frost-free season in order to mature.

Early growth	In mid-summer	stalk and flower bud	flowers

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Distribution

Castor bean is native to the tropics (Africa) but is planted as a garden plant throughout the U.S. for its large, striking appearance. It is now commerically grown in the U.S. in Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Oregon and California. As a result, it is naturalized in the south where winters are mild and most often is found near streambeds, dumping grounds, barnyards or along roadsides.

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Conditions of poisoning

All parts of the plants are toxic, but most dangerous are the seeds. The most susceptible animal species include cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, fowl, rabbits and other small animals. Seeds ingested at 0.2% of body weight have caused toxicosis in cattle and 0.01% of body weight was toxic to horses.

The New World Order Formula for False Flag Attacks

"At the starting line this morning, they had bomb sniffing dogs and the bomb squad out there," he said. "They kept announcing to runners not to be alarmed, that they were running a training exercise." He added, "I've run a lot of races like this one, but I never saw bomb dogs at the starting line of any running event. It led me to believe that something like (a bomb detonation) might have happened." Before you read this article and get all mad, thinking I or the people who wrote this are insensitive jerks, STOP and THINK for a moment.  What did we do after 9/11?  More importantly, what did we allow our government to do? What kind of wars did we kick off? How many millions of lives have been destroyed.  And for what.  the LIE that is the official story about 9/11.  But if you still believe that 9/11 was carried out by a bunch of muslims with box cutters directed by a man on a dialysis machine trained by the CIA living in a cave, penetrating the most heavily armed and secure airpsace in the world, then you probably believe that a lone nut killed JFK and Timothy McVeigh alone brought down the FBI Murrah building in Oklahoma City in 1995. You probably still think we went into Vietnam because our battleships were shot at in the Gulf of Tonkin.  You probably still believe we had no foreknowledge of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and or the German attack on the Lusitania.  In other words, you are asleep at the wheel, a zombie walking the earth believing everything your government tells you.  You are Winston Smith in George Orwell's 1984, you just don't know it yet.

Don't worry.  Stay Calm.  This is Just a Training Exercise.

From bombings to ricin letters, Washington is seeing echoes of 9/11 this week thebea.st/11kO9f8
— The Daily Beast (@thedailybeast) April 18, 2013

The New World Order Formula for False Flag Attacks

by Dave Hodges -  thecommonsenseshow.com

April 15, 2013 - Conspiracy, Featured, Main 
Tagged: 9/11, false flag, government, new world order, obama, police state - 2 comments

The 21st Century Boston Massacre

Prior to reporting on what I have been able to learn about the horrific bombing at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, let me express my sincere condolences to the families of the victims. The death toll as of 9pm ET stands at three and is certain to climb.

An Old Familiar Script

On April 19, 1995, in the wake of the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building n 1995, the FBI & BATF were working with the alleged terrorists under a sting operation.  Of course when these connections are discovered, the perpetrators have plausible deniability and claim they were drilling or performing a sting that went bad. Yet, on the same day of the bombing, Renee Cooper, Attorney Dan Adomitis, J.D. Reed with the Oklahoma Assessor’s Office, Norma Joslin of the Oklahoma Board of Elections and private investigator Claude Criss all report seeing the bomb squad at the federal courthouse that morning, before the bombing. In this “drill,” in a script that is becoming all too familiar, there were bomb drills planned in conjunction with the bombing of the federal building.

Who will ever forget the stunning revelation that on September 6, 2001, Condoleezza Rice was warned that  a terrorist attack inside the United States was imminent? Subsequently, on 9/11, the CIA conducted a real-time drill which included a plane flying into a building, which resulted in NORAD standing down for the first time in its 50-year long history. The government described this as a bizarre coincidence.  On 9/11, NORAD was also scheduled to conduct a military exercise, Vigilant Guardian, which simulated a bomber attack from the former Soviet Union. Why the “former” Soviet Union in 2001?  Just another bizarre coincidence?

Former Scotland Yard’s, Peter Power, a former high ranking employee of and member of its Anti-Terrorist Branch, reported on Radio 5 Live and ITV News, that his company Visor Consulting, had on the morning hours of July 7, 2005, been conducting what he called “crisis exercises” whose scenarios exactly paralleled the attack with bombs exploding exactly at the railway stations’ in which the “terrorist” bombing occurred in just another bizarre coincidence?

 Just Another Bizarre Coincidence?

Ali Stevenson

The NBC affiliate, broadcasting from WPMI-TV channel 15 in Mobile, Alabama, interviewed Ali Stevenson, the University of Mobile’s cross country coach, who was near the finish line of the Boston Marathon when a series of explosions went off. Stevenson also recalled thinking that he thought it was very odd there were bomb sniffing dogs at both the start and finish lines.

In a stunning revelation, the cross country coach said he saw law enforcement spotters on the roofs at the start of the race. In the interview, Stevenson stated that he had been in many marathons in major cities (e.g. Chicago, D.C, London, etc.) but has never seen that level of security before. Stevenson had just finished the marathon when the explosions went off in just another bizarre coincidence.

My suggestion would be to immediately watch this video as it will soon be scrubbed from the station’s website. 

The Bizarre Coincidence of Patriot’s Day

The holiday known as Patriots Day is celebrated on the third Monday in April. Interestingly, McVeigh bombed Murrah Bldg on Patriots’ Day in 1995. Additionally, the deadly raid on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, occurred on Patriots day. Further, the Boston Marathon Bombing happened on the same day as the controlled explosion drill by Boston Bomb Squad on, you guessed it, Patriots Day!

In Massachusetts , a civil holiday, commemorates the battles of Lexington and Concord which sparked the American Revolution. And just what does Patriots day celebrate? It celebrates the pre-Revolutionary War battles of Lexington and Concord. And what was Lexington and Concord about? The British forces were moving to seize the colonists guns so they would be defenseless against a subsequent British attack. In light of the gun control rhetoric, isn’t this just another in the long line of bizarre coincidences?

As Mark Twain once said, “history does not repeat, but it sure does rhyme.”

When the events in Boston transpired, I was writing an analysis of how federal agencies are co-opting local law enforcement activities in an attempted prelude to a coming false flag event and the subsequent imposition of martial law. That article will be published tomorrow. And I would add that this is just the first of these events which will occur with ever greater intensity, death and destruction! The forces are lining up and, as I will detail tomorrow, life in America is about to get very interesting, not to mention a whole lot more dangerous.

Here you find the head of Boston PD ignoring questions about people being told to calm down before the bomb went off.  

One More Reason to HATE April 15 Tax Day - Conspiring Bankers

"The bank hath benefit on the interest on all monies which it creates out of nothing." - Bank of England charter 1694

"the centralization of wealth in the hands of the state by means of a national bank with an exclusive monopoly" - Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto

Rothschild Lead Banksters Plunder Cyprus Gold

Read this nonsense from CNBC and note my highlights in RED, then look at the gold charts for Friday 4/12.  The banksters are forcing Cyprus to sell its gold as a pilot for the rest of Europe and to flood the market and lower the price so other Rothschild controlled central banks could buy cheaper.  It is almost certain that the Cyprus gold will never actually be available for the public to buy.  The London fix does it again.  Go watch Goldfinger again.

"Why a Cyprus Gold Sale Isn’t Being Taken Seriously" Published: Thursday, 11 Apr 2013 | By: Jenny Cosgrave, Staff Writer

Sebastian Derungs | AFP | Getty Images

The Central Bank of Cyprus has denied plans to sell 400 million euros ($525 million) worth of its gold reserves as part of its EU bailout deal.

While the mere idea of a eurozone country liquidating its gold holdings has spooked the market in recent days, analysts have told CNBC it isn't such a big worry.

Gold hit its lowest level in a week on Thursday on worries about the potential Cyprus sale and as Wall Street banks turned more bearish on bullion.

European Commission documents published by the Financial Times showed Cyprus would commit to selling a majority of the gold held by its central bank as part of an international bailout.

(Read More: El-Erian: Unfortunately, the Cyprus Crisis Is Not Yet Over)

That raised fears that other heavily indebted peripheral euro zone countries might be forced to do the same.

Cyprus holds just 13.9 tonnes of gold, worth around 585 million euros, compared to 4,800 tonnes held globally. Under the draft EC plan,the country would sell 400 million euros ($525 million) worth of bullion or round 10 tonnes, a small amount by global standards, but still potentially the biggest bullion sale in Europe since 2009

Struggling euro zone members, Italy and Portugal have much larger gold holdings, and investors are worried that if they followed suit it would really roil the market.

"This would only become a major concern if countries with much larger holdings were forced to sell. However, among the other troubled euro zone members, only Italy and Portugal hold significant amounts of gold relative to their borrowing requirements," said Julian Jessop, head of commodities research at Capital Economics.

(Read More: Mystery Deepens: Has Cyprus Extended Capital Controls?)

There would also be significant political and legal obstacles, which may yet prevent even Cyprus from selling its gold, but the most important barrier is simply the weight of public opinion, said Jessop.

"At most, gold might be used as collateral for some government debt (an idea being promoted by the World Gold Council - Rothschild funded entity). However,the chances of large outright sales are very slim," he added.

BlackRock's Olivia Ker, who covers gold and mining sectors on the firm's natural resources equity team said there is concern about the possible contagion effects of Cyprus' actions on other euro zone countries.

But, she added, the EU treaty bans sales of central bank gold reserves in order to finance deficits.

"Gold reserves are held by central banks and it is actually forbidden under the EU treaty to directly finance government borrowings with central bank gold reserves, so it would be a big step if someone like Cyprus were to sell their gold reserves," she said.

There's another wrinkle, according to the analysts. If the euro zone crisis was so bad that governments were forced to sell their gold holdings, it might also spur investor demand fora safe-haven asset like gold.

(Read More: Why Gold Will Continue to Underperform) 

"If the crisis elsewhere in the euro zone escalates to the point where other, larger countries were desperate enough to consider selling their own gold, demand for safe havens would surely be so strong that there would be plenty of willing buyers – even at higher prices," said Jessop

James Sutton, client portfolio manager on J.P. Morgan's natural resources fund said more central banks are buying gold rather than selling, so there would be no shortage of potential buyers if Cyprus were to sell.

"If Cyprus were to sell it would not move the needle. Compared to Portugal and Italy, Cyprus is in an incredibly weakened position and the ECB would never let them get to that stage," he said.

Gold market on 4/12/2013:

Remember the AIG bailout? Remember 9/11 and whistleblower Richard Grove? Probably not but start here and do the research on the other 2 later.

Judge Approves $115 Million AIG Shareholder Settlement

By Nate Raymond | April 10, 2013

• Article
• Comments

A federal judge on Wednesday approved a $115 million settlement between American International Group Inc. shareholders and former CEO Maurice “Hank” Greenberg and other defendants over alleged improper accounting at the insurance giant.

The accord is the latest in a string of settlements to spill out of class-action securities fraud litigation tied to practices at the insurer dating to 1999. In total, more than $900 million in settlements have been approved with defendants including AIG.

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U.S. District Judge Deborah Batts in Manhattan gave final approval to the pact at a court hearing, calling it “fair, reasonable and adequate.”

Batts approved a $725 million settlement with AIG in February 2012. She earlier approved a $97.5 million accord with accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The settlement resolves a 2004 lawsuit accusing the defendants of misleading investors in connection with an alleged illegal bid-rigging scheme in the insurance industry. The lawsuit also accused Greenberg and others of making false and misleading statements about an alleged accounting fraud that resulted in a $3.9 billion restatement by AIG in 2005.

The alleged activities took place well before AIG accepted $182 billion of taxpayer bailouts during the financial crisis in 2008 and 2009.

Among those participating in the settlement are Greenberg, former chief financial officer Howard Smith, two other executives and two of Greenberg’s companies, C.V. Starr & Co. and Starr International Co.

Two Ohio state pension funds acted as lead plaintiffs for the class, which covers AIG shareholders who bought stock from October 1999 to April 2005.

An AIG spokesman declined to comment on the settlement.

The case is In re American International Group Inc. Securities Litigation, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, No. 04-08141.

Was the Cyprus Bailout a Cover for a Gold Heist?

Like the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks were in part a cover for a massive gold heist, maybe one of the purposes of the Cyprus bailout was to hoard the gold.  Hitler shanghai'd the gold from Czechoslovakia, Poland, France, etc via the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) under the direction of Hjalmar Schacht (read Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler)

Cyprus To Sell €400 Million In Gold, About 75% Of Its Total Holdings, To Finance Part Of Its Bailout

Submitted by Tyler Durden on 04/10/2013 10:38 -0400

• Central Banks
 
• Eurozone
 
• International Monetary Fund
 
• Reuters

Curious why every bank and their grandmother, and most recently Goldman today, has been lining up to push the price of gold as low as possible? Here's why:

• CYPRUS TO SELL 400 MLN EUROS WORTH OF GOLD RESERVES TO FINANCE PART OF ITS BAILOUT - TROIKA DOCUMENTS - RTRS

Or about 10 tons of gold. But... the bailout was prefunded and there was no need to provide any additional cash? What happened: was the deposit outflow discovered to have been even greater than the worst case scenario and thus Cyprus needed even more cash? As for the buyers? We will venture a guess: central banks buying at the lows.

Finally: congratulations Cypriots. You are now handing over your gold for the one time, unbeatable opportunity to remain a vassal state to the Eurozone. But at least you have your €.

The good news: Cyprus will have at least another 4 or so tons after selling the 10 demanded now, before the Troika kindly requests that Cypriot citizens sell a kidney or two to pay for the ongoing deposit outflow from its insolvent banks, and indirectly, the endless bailout of the Euro.

Full story from Reuters:

Cyprus has agreed to sell excess gold reserves to raise around 400 million euros and help finance its part of its bailout, an assessment of Cypriot financing needs prepared by the European Commission showed.

The draft assessment, obtained by Reuters, also said that Cyprus would raise 10.6 billion euros from the winding down of Laiki Bank and the losses imposed on junior bondholders and the deposit-for-equity swap for uninsured deposits in the Bank of Cyprus.

Nicosia would get a further 600 million euros over 3 years from raising the corporate income tax rate and the capital gains tax rate.

Out of the total Cypriot financing needs of 23 billion euros between the second quarter of 2013 and the first quarter of 2016, the euro zone bailout fund will provide 9 billion euros, the International Monetary Fund 1 billion and Cyprus itself will generate 13 billion, the assessment said.

US Dollars Made of Hemp? US Treasury Secretary Mellon Worked for Standard Oil?

This is news to me.  Wow.  All the more reason to end this silly prohibition NOW!~

Is there a connection to the assassination of President John F Kennedy and the nefarious Federal Reserve?

Is there a connection to the assassination of President John F Kennedy and the nefarious Federal Reserve?

This excerpt from iamthewitness.com suggests there is.

1963: On June 4th President John F. Kennedy (the 35th President of the United States 1961 – 1963) signs Executive Order 11110 which returned to the U.S. government the power to issue currency, without going through the Rosthchilds owned Federal Reserve.

Less than 6 months later on November 22nd , president Kennedy is assassinated by the Rothschilds for the same reason as they assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in 1865, he wanted to print American money for the American people, as oppose to for the benefit of a money grabbing war mongering foreign elite.

This Executive Order 11110, is rescinded by President Lyndon Baines Johnson (the 36th President of the United States 1963 to 1969) on Air Force One from Dallas to Washington, the same day as President Kennedy was assassinated.

Another, and probably the primary, reason for Kennedy's assassination is however, the fact that he made it quite clear to Israeli Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion, that under no circumstances would he agree to Israel becoming a nuclear state.  The Israeli newspaper Ha'aretz on February 5, 1999, in a review of, Avner Cohen's book, "Israel and the Bomb," states the following,

"The murder of American President John F. Kennedy brought to an abrupt end the massive pressure being applied by the U.S. administration on the government of Israel to discontinue the nuclear program...The book implied that, had Kennedy remained alive, it is doubtful whether Israel would today have a nuclear option."

History Of Money - Part 1

THE HISTORY OF MONEY PART 1 from Xat.org

Let's Go FORWARD
Tell someone you are going to a convention of accountants and you might get a few yawns, yet money and how it works is probably one of the most interesting things on earth.

It is fascinating and almost magical how money appeared on our planet. Unlike most developments we enjoy, which can be traced back to a source, civilisation or inventor, money appeared in places then unconnected all over the world in a remarkably simular way.

Consider the American Indians using Wampum, West Africans trading in decorative metallic objects called Manillas and the Fijians economy based on whales teeth, some of which are still legal tender; add to that shells, amber, ivory, decorative feathers, cattle including oxen & pigs, a large number of stones including jade and quartz which have all been used for trade across the world, and we get a taste of the variety of accepted currency.

There is something charming and childlike imagining primitive societies, our ancestors, using all these colourful forms of money. As long as everyone concerned can agree on a value, this is a sensible thing for a community to do.

After all, the person who has what you need might not need what you have to trade. Money solves that problem neatly. Real value with each exchange, and everyone gaining from the convenience. The idea is really inspired which might explain why so many diverse minds came up with it.


BUT ALL IS NOT WELL


"History records that the money changers have used every form of abuse, intrigue, deceit, and violent means possible to maintain their control over governments by controlling money and its issuance."
President James Madison

Money, money, money, it's always just been there, right? Wrong.

Obviously it's issued by the government to make it easy for us to exchange things. Wrong again!

Truth is most people don't realise that the issuing of money is essentially a private business, and that the privilege of issuing money has been a major bone of contention throughout history.

Wars have been fought and depressions have been caused in the battle over who issues the money; however the majority of us are not aware of this, and this is largely due to the fact that the winning side became and increasingly continues to be a vital and respected member of our global society, having an influence over large aspects of our lives including our education, our media and our governments.

While we might feel powerless in trying to stop the manipulation of money for private profit at our expense, it is easy to forget that we collectively give money its value. We have been taught to believe printed pieces of paper have special value, and because we know others believe this too, we are willing to work all our lives to get what we are convinced others will want.

An honest look at history will show us how our innocent trust has been misused.

Let's start our exploration of money with:


JESUS FLIPS (many coins) 33 A.D.


Jesus was so upset by the sight of the money changers in the temple, he waded in and started to tip over the tables and drive them out with a whip, this being the one and only time we ever hear of him using force during his entire ministry.

So what caused the ultimate pacifist to become so aggressive?

For a long time the Jews had been called upon to pay their temple tax with a special coin called the half shekelshekel. It was a measured half ounce of pure silver with no image of a pagan emperor on it.

It was to them the only coin acceptable to God.

But because there was only a limited number of these coins in circulation, the money changers were in a buyers market and like with anything else in short supply, they were able to raise the price to what the market would bear.

They made huge profits with their monopoly on these coins and turned this time of devotion into a mockery for profit. Jesus saw this as stealing from the people and proclaimed the whole setup to be. "A den of thieves". ¹

Once money is accepted as a form of exchange, those who produce, loan out and manipulate the quantity of money are obviously in a very strong position. They are the "Money Changers".


1. King James NT, Mt 21:13, Mr 11:17, Lu 19:46


MEDIEVAL ENGLAND (1000 - 1100 A.D.)


Here we find goldsmith's offering to keep other people's gold and silver safe in their vaults, and in return people walking away with a receipt for what they have left there.

These paper receipts soon became popular for trade as they were less heavy to carry around than gold and silver coins.

After a while, the goldsmith's must have noticed that only a small percentage of their depositor's ever came in to demand their gold at any one time. So cleverly the goldsmith's made out some receipts for gold which didn't even exist, and then they loaned it out to earn interest.

A nod and a wink amongst themselves, they incorporated this practice into the banking system. They even gave it a name to make it seem more acceptable, christening the practice 'Fractional Reserve Banking' which translates to mean, lending out many times more money than you have assets on deposit.

Today banks are allowed to loan out at least ten times the amount they actually are holding, so while you wonder how they get rich charging you 11% interest, it's not 11% a year they make on that amount but actually 110%.


THE TALLY STICKS (1100 - 1854)


King Henry the First produced sticks of polished wood, with notches cut along one edge to signify the denominations. The stick was then split full length so each piece still had a record of the notches.

The King kept one half for proof against counterfeiting, and then spent the other half into the market place where it would continue to circulate as money.

Because only Tally Sticks were accepted by Henry for payment of taxes, there was a built in demand for them, which gave people confidence to accept these as money.

He could have used anything really, so long as the people agreed it had value, and his willingness to accept these sticks as legal tender made it easy for the people to agree. Money is only as valuable as peoples faith in it, and without that faith even today's money is just paper.

The tally stick system worked really well for 726 years. It was the most successful form of currency in recent history and the British Empire was actually built under the Tally Stick system, but how is it that most of us are not aware of its existence?

Perhaps the fact that in 1694 the Bank of England at its formation attacked the Tally Stick System gives us a clue as to why most of us have never heard of them. They realised it was money outside the power of the money changers, (the very thing King Henry had intended).

What better way to eliminate the vital faith people had in this rival currency than to pretend it simply never existed and not discuss it. That seems to be what happened when the first shareholder's in the Bank of England bought their original shares with notched pieces of wood and retired the system. You heard correctly, they bought shares. The Bank of England was set up as a privately owned bank through investors buying shares. Even the Banks resent nationalisation is not what it at first may appear, as its independent resources unceasingly multiply and dividends continue to be produced for its shareholder's.

These investors, who's names were kept secret, were meant to invest one and a quarter million pounds, but only three quarters of a million was received when it was chartered in 1694.

It then began to lend out many times more than it had in reserve, collecting interest on the lot.

This is not something you could just impose on people without preparation. The money changers needed to created the climate to make the formation of this private concern seem acceptable.

Here's how they did it.

With King Henry VIII relaxing the Usury Laws in the 1500's, the money changers flooded the market with their gold and silver coins becoming richer by the minute.

The English Revolution of 1642 was financed by the money changers backing Oliver Cromwell's successful attempt to purge the parliament and kill King Charles. What followed was 50 years of costly wars. Costly to those fighting them and profitable to those financing them.

So profitable that it allowed the money changers to take over a square mile of property still known as the City of London, which remains one of the three main financial centres in the world today.

The 50 years of war left England in financial ruin. The government officials went begging for loans from guess who, and the deal proposed resulted in a government sanctioned, privately owned bank which could produce money from nothing, essentially legally counterfeiting a national currency for private gain.

Now the politicians had a source from which to borrow all the money they wanted to borrow, and the debt created was secured against public taxes.

You would think someone would have seen through this, and realised they could produce their own money and owe no interest, but instead the Bank of England has been used as a model and now nearly every nation has a Central Bank with fractional reserve banking at its core.

These central banks have the power to take over a nations economy and become that nations real governing force. What we have here is a scam of mammoth proportions covering what is actually a hidden tax, being collected by private concerns.

The country sells bonds to the bank in return for money it cannot raise in taxes. The bonds are paid for by money produced from thin air. The government pays interest on the money it borrowed by borrowing more money in the same way. There is no way this debt can ever be paid, it has and will continue to increase.

If the government did find a way to pay off the debt, the result would be that there would be no bonds to back the currency, so to pay the debt would be to kill the currency.

With its formation the Bank of England soon flooded Britain with money. With no quality control and no insistence on value for money, prices doubled with money being thrown in every direction.

One company was even offering to drain the Red Sea to find Egyptian gold lost when the sea closed in on their pursuit of Moses.

By1698 the national debt expanded from £1,250,000 to £16,000,000 and up went the taxes the debt was secured on.

As hard as it might be to believe, in times of economic upheaval, wealth is rarely destroyed and instead is often only transferred. And who benefits the most when money is scarce? You may have guessed. It's those controlling what everyone else wants, the money changer's.

When the majority of people are suffering through economic depression, you can be sure that a minority of people are continuing to get rich.

Even today the Bank of England expresses its determination to prevent the ups and downs of booms and depressions, yet there have been nothing but ups and downs since its formation with the British pound rarely being stable.

One thing however has been stable and that is the growing fortune of:


THE ROTHSCHILDS (1743)


A goldsmith named Amshall Moses Bower opened a counting house in Frankfurt Germany in 1743. He placed a Roman eagle on a red shield over the door prompting people to call his shop the Red Shield Firm pronounced in German as "Rothschild".

His son later changed his name to Rothschild when he inherited the business. Loaning money to individuals was all well and good but he soon found it much more profitable loaning money to governments and Kings. It always involved much bigger amounts, always secured from public taxes.

Once he got the hang of things he set his sights on the world by training his five sons in the art of money creation, before sending them out to the major financial centres of the world to create and dominate the central banking systems.

J.P. Morgan was thought by many to be the richest man in the world during the second world war, but upon his death it was discovered he was merely a lieutenant within the Rothschild empire owning only 19% of the J.P. Morgan Companies.

"There is but one power in Europe and that is Rothschild."
19th century French commentator ¹

We will explore a little more about the richest family a little later, after we've had a look at:


1. Niall Ferguson, THE HOUSE OF ROTHSCHILD, Money's Prophets, 1798-1848


THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION (1764 - 1781)


By the mid 1700's Britain was at its height of power, but was also heavily in debt.

Since the creation of the Bank of England, they had suffered four costly wars and the total debt now stood at £140,000,000, (which in those days was a lot of money).

In order to make their interest payments to the bank, the British government set about a programme to try to raise revenues from their American colonies, largely through an extensive programme of taxation.

There was a shortage of material for minting coins in the colonies, so they began to print their own paper money, which they called Colonial Script. This provided a very successful means of exchange and also gave the colonies a sense of identity. Colonial Script was money provided to help the exchange of goods. It was debt free paper money not backed by gold or silver.

During a visit to Britain in 1763, The Bank of England asked Benjamin Franklin how he would account for the new found prosperity in the colonies. Franklin replied.

"That is simple. In the colonies we issue our own money. It is called Colonial Script. We issue it in proper proportion to the demands of trade and industry to make the products pass easily from the producers to the consumers.

In this manner, creating for ourselves our own paper money, we control its purchasing power, and we have no interest to pay to no one."
Benjamin Franklin ¹

America had learned that the people's confidence in the currency was all they needed, and they could be free of borrowing debts. That would mean being free of the Bank of England.

In Response the world's most powerful independent bank used its influence on the British parliament to press for the passing of the Currency Act of 1764.

This act made it illegal for the colonies to print their own money, and forced them to pay all future taxes to Britain in silver or gold.

Here is what Franklin said after that.

"In one year, the conditions were so reversed that the era of prosperity ended, and a depression set in, to such an extent that the streets of the Colonies were filled with unemployed."
Benjamin Franklin

"The colonies would gladly have borne the little tax on tea and other matters had it not been that England took away from the colonies their money, which created unemployment and dissatisfaction. The inability of the colonists to get power to issue their own money permanently out of the hands of George III and the international bankers was the PRIME reason for the Revolutionary War."
Benjamin Franklin's autobiography

By the time the war began on 19th April 1775 much of the gold and silver had been taken by British taxation. They were left with no other choice but to print money to finance the war.

What is interesting here is that Colonial Script was actually working so well, it became a threat to the established economic system of the time.

The idea of issuing money as Franklin put it "in proper proportion to the demands of trade and industry" and not charging any interest, was not causing any problems or inflation. This unfortunately was alien to the Bank of England which only issued money for the sake of making a profit for its shareholder's.


1. Congressman Charles G. Binderup of Nebraska, Unrobing the Ghosts of Wall Street


THE BANK OF NORTH AMERICA (1781-1785) 


If you can't beat them, join them, might well have been his argument when arms dealer, Robert Morris suggested he be allowed to set up a Bank of England style central bank in the USA in 1781.

Desperate for money, the $400,000 he proposed to deposit, to allow him to loan out many times that through fractional reserve banking, must have looked really attractive to the impoverished American Government.

Already spending the money they would be loaned, no one made a fuss when Robert Morris couldn't raise the deposit, and instead suggested he might use some gold, which had been loaned to America from France.

Once in, he simply used fractional reserve banking, and with the banks growing fortune he loaned to himself, and his friends the money to buy up all the remaining shares. The bank then began to loan out money multiplied by this new amount to eager politicians, who were probably too drunk with the new 'power cash' to notice or care how it was done.

The scam lasted five years until in 1785, with the value of American money dropping like a lead balloon. The banks charter didn't get renewed.

The shareholder's walking off with the interest did not go unnoticed by the governor.

"The rich will strive to establish their dominion and enslave the rest. They always did. They always will... They will have the same effect here as elsewhere, if we do not, by (the power of) government, keep them in their proper spheres."
Governor Morris ¹


1. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1787, 7/2


FIRST BANK OF THE UNITED STATES (1791-1811)


It worked once, it will work again. It's been six years. There are a lot of new hungry politicians. Let's give it a try. And so there it was, in 1791, the First Bank of the United States (BUS). Not only deceptively named to sound official, but also to take attention away from the real first bank which had been shut down.

Its initials however gave a clear indication that Americans were once again being taken for a ride. And true to its British model, the name of the investors was never revealed.

Having gotten away with it a second time, some of them probably wished Amshall Rothschild had picked a different time to make his pronouncement from his private central bank in Frankfurt.

"Let me issue and control a nation's money and I care not who writes the laws."
Mayer Amschel Rothschild, 1790

Not to worry, no one was listening, the American government borrowed 8.2 million dollars from the bank in the first 5 years and prices rose by 72%. This time round the money changer's had learned their lesson, they had guaranteed a twenty year charter.

The president, who could see an ever increasing debt, with no chance of ever paying back, had this to say.

"I wish it were possible to obtain a single amendment to our Constitution - taking from the federal government their power of borrowing."
Thomas Jefferson, 1798

While the independent press, who had not been bought off yet, called the scam "a great swindle, a vulture, a viper, and a cobra."

As with the real first bank, the government had been the only depositor to put up any real money, with the remainder being raised from loans the investors made to each other, using the magic of fractional reserve banking. When time came for renewal of the charter, the bankers were warning of bad times ahead if they didn't get what they wanted. The charter was not renewed.

Five month later Britain had attacked America and started the war of 1812.

Meanwhile a short time earlier, an independent Rothschild business, the Bank of France, was being looked upon with suspicion by none other than:


NAPOLEON (1803 - 1825)


He didn't trust the bank saying:

"When a government is dependent upon bankers for money, they and not the leaders of the government control the situation, since the hand that gives is above the hand that takes... Money has no motherland; financiers are without patriotism and without decency; their sole object is gain."
Napoleon Bonaparte, 1815

For both sides of a war to be loaned money from the same privately owned Central Bank is not unusual. Nothing generates debt like war. A Nation will borrow any amount to win. So naturally if the loser is kept going to the last straw in a vain hope of winning, then the more resources will be used up by the winning side before their victory is obtained more resources used, more loans taken out, more money made by the bankers; and even more amazing, the loans are usually given on condition that the victor pays the debts left by the loser.

In 1803, instead of borrowing from the bank, Napoleon sold territory west of the Mississippi to the 3rd President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson for 3 million dollars in gold; a deal known as the Louisiana Purchase.

Three million dollars richer, Napoleon quickly gathered together an army and set about conquering much of Europe.

Each place he went to, Napoleon found his opposition being financed by the Bank of England, making huge profits as Prussia, Austria and finally Russia all went heavily into debt trying to stop him.

Four years later, with the main French army in Russia, Nathan Rothschild took charge of a bold plan to smuggle a shipment of gold through France to finance an attack from Spain by the Duke of Wellington.

Wellington's attack from the south and other defeats eventually forced Napoleon into exile. However in 1815 he escaped from his banishment in Elba, an Island off the coast of Italy, and returned to Paris.

By March of that year Napoleon had equipped an army with the help of borrowed money from the Eubard Banking House of Paris.

With 74,000 French troops led by Napoleon, sizing up to meet 67,000 British and other European Troops 200 miles NE of Paris on June 18th 1815, it was a difficult one to call. Back in London, the real potential winner, Nathan Rothschild, was poised to strike in a bold plan to take control of the British stock market, the bond market, and possibly even the Bank of England.

Nathan, knowing that information is power, stationed his trusted agent named Rothworth near the battle field.

As soon as the battle was over Rothworth quickly returned to London, delivering the news to Rothschild 24 hours ahead of Wellington's courier.

A victory by Napoleon would have devastated Britain's financial system. Nathan stationed himself in his usual place next to an ancient pillar in the stock market.

This powerful man was not without observers as he hung his head, and began openly to sell huge numbers of British Government Bonds.

Reading this to mean that Napoleon must have won, everyone started to sell their British Bonds as well.

The bottom fell out of the market until you couldn't hardly give them away. Meanwhile Rothschild began to secretly buy up all the hugely devalued bonds at a fraction of what they were worth a few hours before.

In this way Nathan Rothschild captured more in one afternoon than the combined forces of Napoleon and Wellington had captured in their entire lifetime.